General Guideline

General Guideline

Language

The manuscript should be written in English, following UK spelling and terminology. The manuscript submitted in Bahasa will be accepted and it must be translated into English upon acceptance for publication. Authors will be charged for the translation service fee.

Format

The manuscript must be written in Times New Roman, 12-point font (excluding the title), with double spacing and no extra line spaces between paragraphs. It should be submitted as a Microsoft Word file. There are no restrictions on the length or the number of tables and figures. The manuscript should include:

  • Title
  • Authors’ Names and Affiliations
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Acknowledgements
  • Funding 

Title

The title should be concise, with a maximum of 150 characters including spaces, and should consist about 15-20 words. The title should be written in a 16-point font.

Authors

All authors involved in the manuscript must be listed with their full names. The authors should be listed in the order of their contribution to the work. Use a comma to separate multiple. Indicate the corresponding author by placing an asterisk (*) next to their name authors. Each author should be linked to their respective institution(s), which should be listed with the full name of the institution, department (if applicable), and location (country). Use lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.) to match authors to their respective affiliations. For multiple authors from different institutions, separate the affiliations with semicolons.

Abstract

The abstract must not exceed 250 words. The abstract should include the following elements: Introduction, Objectives, Methods, Result, Conclusion, and Keywords. The abstract must be written as a structured paragraph. The abstract should not include any figures, tables, or references.

Background

The background should provide the background and reasoning behind the study. It should clearly outline the research question, its origin, and the purpose for asking it

Methods

The methods should provide a clear and detailed description of the procedures followed in the study, ensuring transparency and reproducibility. It should outline the study design, specifying whether it is experimental, observational, cross-sectional, or another type. A clear description of the participants or samples used must be included, along with the inclusion and exclusion criteria that define the study population.

Additionally, the section should detail any instruments, materials, or equipment used, specifying model numbers, manufacturers, and relevant specifications. A step-by-step explanation of the procedures is essential to ensure clarity and consistency. The methods for data collection should be described in detail, specifying whether surveys, interviews, laboratory tests, or observations were used. Any tools or software employed for data collection should also be identified, including their versions.

The statistical methods used for data analysis must be clearly explained, specifying the software and version used. Details on data processing techniques, such as transformations, normalizations, or statistical tests applied, should be included. Furthermore, any specific thresholds for significance or confidence intervals must be stated.

Provide information on the ethical approval obtained for the study. If applicable, state any participant consent procedures followed.

Result

The results section should present the key findings of the study in a clear, concise, and objective manner. It should focus on reporting the data without interpretation, which is typically reserved for the discussion section. The results should be structured logically, following the sequence of the study objectives or hypotheses.

Data should be presented using appropriate formats, such as text, tables, or figures, to enhance clarity and readability. Statistical results should include relevant metrics such as means, standard deviations, confidence intervals, and p-values to support the findings. Any trends, patterns, or significant differences observed in the data should be highlighted while maintaining factual accuracy. If applicable, subgroup analyses, comparisons between groups, or secondary findings should be included while ensuring that only relevant data is presented. Any missing data, limitations, or unexpected results should also be acknowledged.

Discussion

The discussion should interpret the findings within the context of existing research. It should begin by presenting the most significant conclusions, followed by supporting evidence. The section should clearly address the research question and explain how the results contribute to answering it. Additionally, the broader implications of the findings, study limitations, underlying assumptions, and potential directions for future research should be discussed.

Conclusion

Authors should provide a concise conclusion, summarizing their key insights. They are also encouraged to share their perspective on the significance and relevance of the results.

Acknowledgements

The acknowledgement section should recognize scientific support or guidance provided during the research or manuscript preparation.

Funding

Authors are required to disclose all funding sources. If no funding was received, a statement confirming this should be provided.

References

The references section should provide a complete and accurate list of all sources cited in the manuscript. It must follow a Vancouver referencing styles. Reference management software (e.g., EndNote, Mendeley, Zotero) is recommended to organize citations and maintain consistency.

Supplementary Material

Tables

Tables should be used only when necessary to present data effectively and referred to in the text by Arabic numerals (e.g., Table 1, Table 2, Table 3). Each table must have a clear and descriptive title. Avoid presenting the same information in both tables and graphs. Tables should be embedded within the manuscript as text and not submitted as figure files. All tables must be included directly within the manuscript’s text file.

Figures

Authors must ensure that all figures included are of equally high quality, with clear, precise visuals that support the content of the manuscript (e.g., TIFF, JPEG, PNG, EPS). All figures must be included directly within the manuscript’s text file.